Michael Shi Essays (618 words) - Meat Industry, Livestock

Michael Shi Reading Response 6 The readings this week focused on the relationship humans have with animals in modern industry. In Timothy Pachirat's book Every Twelve Seconds , Pachirat documents his experience as he goes undercover as a factory worker in a slaughterhouse. One of the main things Pachirat points out is how the slaughterhouse is set up to try to hide or disguise the killing of cattle. For example, "t he kill floor and front office are as far apart physically as possible without being separated into two distinct buildings " ( Pachirat , 38). In the slaughterhouse itself, "the killing process occurs in two stages, each stage located out of the di rect line of sight of the other" (53) . Walls and partitions separate each step of the killing process. Because the process of killing cattle is spread out over multiple people in multiple locations, nobody personally feels responsible for killing. The other reading this week was an essay by Alex Blanchette , Herding Species: Biosecurity, Posthuman Labor, and the American Industrial Pig and looks at the relationship humans have with pigs in industry today. Blanchette begins by discussing the issue of biosecurity as it relates to industrial pigs. A virus called PEDv had become a large issue for factory farms, killing about 10% of pigs in the United States (As cited in Blanchette , 640). Because of biosecurity measures, workers had to make changes in their lives. Slaughterhouse workers were expected to have no contact with their colleagues working with pigs. One worker was forced to live separately from his family if he were to accept a promotion. Corporate measures to protect pigs " subtly redefine what it means to be human for those who work in a world saturated by concentrated animal life " ( Blanchette , 641). The collective group of pigs is referred to as the "Herd." Statisticia ns analyze seasonal pig output, immunities to disease, and genetics of the Herd to inform their decisions going forward. This allows managers to speak for the pig as a species and " perceive a kind of swine that exists as a theoretical abstraction and an animating vitality outside of concrete forms of animal appearance such as boars " ( Blanchette , 661). After he stops working on the kill floor, Pachirat mentions a conversation with a friend where they disagree about "who was more morally responsible for the killing of the animals: those who ate the meat or the 121 workers who did the killing" ( Pachirat , 160). The Pachirat readings made me question my own moral responsibility as a consumer of industrial meat. The topic of who should assume moral responsibility is something that I've thought about before and I had come to the conclusion that it was primarily the responsibility of the consumers that support the meat industry. Industrial farms and slaughterhouses exist mainly because of the demand for them by consumers and therefore their employees also only exist because of the consumer. The practices described in the readings don't seem entirely ethical to me and even if USDA regulations were changed to be stricter, the author describes how slaughterhouse employees actively break regulations and avoid USDA inspec tors for increased efficiency. However, since I feel so far removed from the process, I don't have the same instinctive moral response about eating industrial meat that I would in other moral situations. As it is with many people, it is easier for me to just not think about the distant consequences of my actions. Pachirat , Timothy. 2011. Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight. Yale University Press. (Pp. 20-80 and 141-161) Blanchette , Alex. 2015. "Herding Species: Biosecurity, Posthuman Labor, and the American Industrial Pig." Cultural Anthropology 30 (4): 640-669

Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking Introduction Human trafficking involves recruiting and forcefully transporting individuals to foreign countries with the aim of exposing them to do forced labor. Human trafficking is different from traditional smuggling of people in that the relationship between the victims and he traffickers continues after their transportation. In most cases, they are passed from one trafficker to the other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It takes place because of the demand for cheap labor and the presence of individuals willing to move from their homes in search of better economic opportunities. It is further enhanced by the financial gains that the traffickers get. Many governments have started dealing with the problem through programs and policies designed to prevent and protect the victims, and take legal actions against the traffickers and smugglers. Although the phenomenon has been highlighted in every part of the world, knowledge about its consequences is still limited. Owing to its secretive nature, details on the characteristics of its victims and what they go through as well the trafficker’s and smuggler’s characteristics are hard to get and often difficult to generalize. The available data is obtained from different nongovernmental, governmental and few academic sources. Due to its negative impacts, there is need to look for ways of preventing it. This essay will look at some of the ways that can be used to prevent and stop human trafficking. Preventing Human Trafficking Despite the fact that preventing human trafficking is the most effective long-term method of reducing or eliminating the practice, many governments have not been using the method. Part of the failure to use prevention methods emanates from the fact that there are no mechanisms for measuring the impact and success of prevention programs in attaining the anticipated g oals. Nonetheless, partly due to the increase in advocates of anti-trafficking and service providers, both NGOs and governments have embarked on the development of stronger practices and policies for prevention strategies. These prevention policies are classified into supply-based, demand-based and reduction of financial gains (Prevention of Human Trafficking 4).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Supply-based Policies These prevention policies are interested in the supply of persons who are vulnerable to human trafficking. Their focus is on the vulnerable populations and channels of recruitment and transportation of trafficked victims. The programs are subdivided into four main areas. Awareness-Raising Raising awareness is one of the most common activities in human trafficking prevention (Prevention 10). It assumes various forms and does not only target the public at large and cr itical policy makers, but also individuals who are likely to fall victims in the future. Non-governmental organizations are used to carry out awareness raising campaigns among the homeless and other groups of individuals deemed susceptible to human trafficking. Such groups include prostitutes, youths and migrant farm employees. During the campaigns, they are familiarized with possible scams and the strategies applied by human traffickers. The awareness raising programs comprise of the establishment and promotion of hotlines which provide information on national trafficking, local television, poster campaigns, radio and education materials that tackle human trafficking (Rosenberg 14). Legal Alternatives Migrant advocates have raised the issue of availing legal means of moving into other countries as a means through which the various forms of exploitation that affect transnational migration could be prevented. With reference to this argument, there is a stable number of individuals wh o think that it is necessary for them to look for job opportunities abroad, regardless of whether they migrate legally or not. Making it hard for individuals to migrate in accordance with the law, therefore, compels potential migrants to engage themselves in risky activities in order to look for work abroad, potentially leading them into the hands of traffickers and smugglers. By doing away with the requirement for migrants to take such risks of crossing borders illegally, the provision of legal alternative avenues for migration or temporary work abroad is considered one method through which the role of, and opportunities for, trafficking could be diminished.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the meantime, safe programs of migration are comprised of one method of providing vulnerable groups with the right information to enable them make informed decisions regarding the jobs they concede to, and of empowering them to safely migrate to other countries and look for help in case of troubles. However, it is assumed that there is adequate information available to make judgment regarding the safety of the jobs offered. Reducing â€Å"Push† Factor Conditions Long-term efforts of dealing with human trafficking are geared towards reducing the push factor conditions such as gender, poverty, inequality and lack of economic or educational opportunities. It is estimated that these factors compel people to engage in risks that eventually lead to human trafficking. Some countries have been sponsoring programs that are involved in reduction of poverty, domestic violence, assistance programs and shelters, job training, integration programs and initiatives that prevent prostitutes against HIV/AIDS infection. USAID has also been involved in sponsoring programs aimed at fighting corruption in governments on the basis that reduction of corruption among gove rnments improves state resource distribution making it possible for larger groups of people to access opportunities. In Europe, prevention of human trafficking is interpreted to mean both awareness raising and active prevention activities that ideally look into the primary causes of human trafficking. Most countries continue with efforts of preventing human trafficking by concentrating on prostitution, migration and organized crime. Despite debates about the importance of having comprehensive prevention approaches, awareness-raising is the common prevention instrument in many countries. Demand-based Prevention Policies Despite the unending debate concerning the causal and enabling factors of human trafficking, research has shown that exploitable workers are highly demanded in many countries. Many industries require such workers with the need being fulfilled through trafficking (Belser 35).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Demand-based programs operate on the assumption that instituting legal actions against consumers, making services of trafficked people socially unacceptable, educating consumers about trafficking and its victims, or providing information to potential traffickers and beneficiaries about human rights, gender violence and prostitution reduces the demand of trafficked individuals. Reducing the Financial-Gains from Trafficking Advocates have started coming up with policies that limit the financial gains traffickers, smugglers, and corrupt individuals enjoy, which in turn enable criminal operations to survive. Governments have been working towards imposing costs at the individual and national levels. Sanctions are imposed against countries that are ranked among the most notorious in human trafficking. The sanctions may withhold non-humanitarian, non-trade-related help or, if a country is denied such assistance, the funding for taking part in cultural and educational exchange programs is w ithheld. The countries might also be barred from applying for assistance from international financial institutions. At the individual level, traffickers may be forced to compensate the victims (Women, War and Peace 5). The aim of these initiatives is to make human trafficking unattractive by increasing its cost relative to its would-be gains. It is envisaged that with the increasing arrests followed by prosecutions, traffickers will be compelled to conduct an evaluation of the benefits they earn from trafficking. Countries have also been considering the possibility of giving the victims an opportunity to demand compensation from their traffickers. They do this by requesting a compensation order after being convicted and starting litigation against the traffickers in civil courts. Capacity Building Capacity building is an important method of preventing human trafficking. Education and outreach efforts in law enforcement, justice and tourism help in fighting human trafficking. Differe nt officers, who hold positions in governments have been targeted for further training in order to equip them with skills on how to identify, rescue and provide the right referrals for human trafficking victims. In countries like the US, experts have been involved in training local judges, law enforcement agencies, lawyers and community watch groups on how to enhance witness protection programs (Rosenberg 20). Other European countries have adopted the same initiatives in order to improve their capacity to detect and prevent human trafficking from taking place. They also assist the countries of origin to prevent the practice. The above outlined capacity building methods are important in preventing human trafficking. Conclusion Anti-trafficking campaigns have been on the increase in the recent past although the global progress against human trafficking has been inconsistent and hard to measure. To date, most of the work that has been done on human trafficking portrays the emphasis on prosecuting the traffickers. However, prevention might be the most effective way of combating the practice in the long-run. It is important for governments to devote more energy and resources in preventing the practice rather than dealing with it after it takes place. Belser, Patrick. Forced Labour and Human Trafficking:Estimating the Profits, New York: ILO, 2005. Print. Prevention of Human Trafficking 2011. Web. Prevention 2012. Web. Rosenberg, Ruth. Best Practices for Programming to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings in Europe and Eurasia, New York: Development Alternatives Incorporate, 2004. Print. Women, War and Peace. n.d. Web.

Motivation and empowerment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation and empowerment - Assignment Example Charlotte and the reactions of the employees to those demands because it argues that various employees needs should be recognized and varied rewards be given to them according to their individual needs (Daft 2011). The first option is that she be paid salary according to her level of production as stated by Taylor’s theory minus commissions. The second option is that she be paid on commission basis according to the sales she makes. The option I choose is that of commission basis minus salary because it will avoid complains by fellow employees as she will receive pay according to her hard work (Daft 2011). Mayo’s theory which states that pay alone does not satisfy employees but social needs such as treating employees in a humane and caring manner can be applied to boost the employees’ morale (Daft 2011). It is clear from the passage that the employees are demoralized and they need to be motivated by showing them how important they are so that they will not see as if Charlotte is given a royal treatment than them. Also Maslow and Herzberg theory that states that individual needs of employees should be recognized and rewarded accordingly be applied (Daft

Tourism Marketing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism Marketing - Research Proposal Example The research is thus undertaken to understand the different dimensions of tourism marketing and ho this elates to marketing of tourist spots and what are the approaches involved in marketing such tourist places or locations. The concepts of brands and creativity or innovation are also highlighted in the discussion. There are several research questions in this study and based on these research questions, some of the research articles and analysis published in journals will be examined and a comparison of the research approach with the already published research viewpoints will be sought. The main research question is whether or how the approach to tourism marketing and management should change or differ in case of architectural landmark as against tourism marketing of regular destination or location. Are there special approaches to promoting a particular tourist spot and how is it possible to differentiate between destination and location and tourist sites such as architectural landmarks in tourism marketing and management Considering the approaches to tourism marketing in promoting destinations and tourist or architectural sites as brands, several research studies and published papers could be used to substantiate the background of the study. The research study is to be focused on destination marketing and tourist destination as brands as it is important to develop branding approaches for any successful marketing venture. As Kerr (2006) has indicated, destination marketing organizations with government support have been responsible for promoting certain locations and tourist spots and there is suggestion to review such responsibilities and approaches. However there are downsides to destination marketing as this sort of marketing is solely tourism focused and tend to overlook stakeholder prospects or investments in these locations so may not be completely productive for the overall development of a location. Brand management of any particular location deals with the holistic approach of actually changing the potential of a location from an ordinary location to a tourist friendly destination. However according to Kerr there is a need to reform destination marketing practices as it is important to address brand management of locations. Kerr draws out a distinction between destination brand and location brand with the potentially relevant research areas as in the study of brand management of locations. In another related paper, Perivoliotis and Margaret (2007) studied local tourist producers and businesses involved in artifacts and textiles. The paper focuses on how tourism marketing could bank in on the strengths of the local markets and cultural heritage of any product and also brings out the importance of creativity, innovation, productivity, education in any tourism marketing and management initiative. New technology is primarily important in tourism marketing as it could be used to select participating tourist producers and marketers or managers and basic design education and computer training as also basic management and marketing

Canadian Electoral System Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Canadian Electoral System - Term Paper Example Even then, they were expected to have certain qualifications. Elections, back then, were held at different times of the year. Unlike now, secret ballot was not a system that was used by the Canadians. However, as times moved on, the right for every adult man and woman to vote was given. As this happened, the people became less tolerant of the previous system. They advocated for reforms in the electoral system. This is so that the process of voting in political institutions in the land could be free, and fair. These reforms became paramount so that the system could find support from the public, thus acquiring legitimacy. This paper will review some of the ways in which the electoral system in Canada operates, and the nature of their system. The extraordinary complexity of the electoral system requires that it should be fine- tuned to suit the immediate environment at all times. Canada’s federal nature shows of the country’s electoral law as much as it does the political life that exists in the country (Dyck 2011, 45).2 This is so that every individual will get to understand their fundamental right to vote, and elect into office their preferred choice of authority. The different systems present in Canada allow the people to vote in candidates in their own provinces. However, for the federal parliament, there exists only one electoral system. This ensures that there is uniformity during the general election process. The Canada Elections Act contains all the election laws that are present in Canada. The publishing of such information ensures that everyone gets to understand the laws that govern elections. The consequences of committing an election offense can also be found there. There are other documents that have this kind of information displayed to the people (Farrell 2006, 62).3 These include; Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, the Criminal Code, the Income Tax Act among others. Although laws in Canada continue to be passed by politicians, th e electoral system is governed by a neutral party. It consists of an unbiased, independent group of individuals. This is the most recent development that the Canadian electoral system has undergone since the inception of law. As adult men and women were allowed to vote, it became imperative that the organizational procedure be removed from political control. The neutral party was not expected to be close to the government (Farrell 2006, 67).4 These were the expectations of the public with the introduction of neutral parties to run the organizational procedures. Laws must keep on changing and evolving to accommodate the current trends that need to be met. Also, the public should be able to see the changes, and the positive effect they may have on them. In 1920, the Dominion Elections Act, advocated for the creation of a position in the election system. This position was for the Chief Electoral Officer. The position entailed the party’s involvement to be the main supervisor of the elections. Also, they were supposed to map out the general direction of the elections (Farrell 2006, 73).5 The office, which is also known as Elections Canada, was mandated to enforce fairness and impartiality when it came to the elections. In Canada, the general elections for federal government are held after four years. However, in the case where there is a minority government, the elections can be called at any time. A minority governmen

Examining The Social Justice Issue And Human Trafficking Criminology Essay

Examining The Social Justice Issue And Human Trafficking Criminology Essay A social justice issue that is a global issue is human trafficking. Human trafficking is a wide spread issue that is affecting many third world countries and developing countries. Human trafficking has become an international concern. One country in particular that is affected by this issue is Thailand. Human trafficking is the trade for woman and children which is similar to slavery. The woman and children can be fooled into human trafficking and can be forced to work for low wages and forced into prostitution. Human trafficking of woman and children started during the Vietnam War (Womens International Network News, 2003). Beginning in the 1980s Thai women began moving to European countries to get involved in the entertainment business which shortly transformed into the trafficking of woman for sexual exploitation (Womens International Network News, 2003). Women and girls were being trafficked all over Europe for prostitution and for the mail order bride business. Woman and children trafficked into Thailand were from Burma, Cambodia, South China, and Laos (Womens International Network News, 2000). During the 1990s around 400,000 woman and children were being trafficked in and out of Thailand (Womens International Network News, 2003). Thailands most known universal problem is prostitution. Thailands Public Health Department estimates that there are about 75,000 prostitutes in Thailand (Womens International Network News, 94). The majority of women involved in prostitution come from poor rural areas. These women have little to no economic opportunities in their home villages and turn to working as prostitutes in urban areas as a way of fulfilling obligations and improving the standard of living for themselves and their families (Womens International Network News, 94). Majority of northern Thai girls turn to prostitution because they feel that they need to repay their parents for giving birth to them and providing them with what they have so far in their lives. The religion that most Thai citizens practice is Buddhism. The Buddhist belief system in northern Thailand is part of the reason for the approval of prostitution. Thai Buddhists believe that each persons soul inhabits many physical bodies over time, with the quality of each life influenced by the souls store of merit (Bower, 2005). Prostitution performed out of the need to aid ones family builds up merit, despite the nature of the job itself (Bower, 2005). In Thailand the first born daughter commonly stays home to help her parents in the home. The second born daughter is traditionally the familys financial helper who turns to any job that they can get. The last born daughter generally receives a higher education than her other sisters (Bower, 2005). Thai Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) estimate that about twenty thousand Burmese women and girls are involved in forced prostitution and half are new recruits that are brought in every year (Womens International Network News, 1994). They women and children normally end up being sent back to Burma after a year or two because they want new recruits. Burmese women and girls make up an estimated 800,000 to 2 million prostitutes that are working in Thailand (Womens International Network News, 1994). Thailand government is guilty of complicity in the trafficking of Burmese women and girls into Thailand for forced prostitution. The Thai government has been failing numerously to punish their own officials and others who are engaged or profit from sex trade (Womens International Network News, 1994). In 1993 the royal Thai government began wrongfully arresting and sending back hundreds of Burmese victims, in violation of Thailands obligations under national and international law instead of punishing officials who are involved. The Burmese women and girls work ten to eighteen hours a day, twenty-five days a month with anywhere from 5-15 clients a day (Womens International Network News, 1994). The women and children were receiving little information pertaining to health care and birth control. Most of the women and girls are virgins when they enter and become HIV positive when they leave. Majority of the prostitutes clients are Thai police officers. Some of the brothels are located near police stations and witness brothel owners paying protection money to local police (Womens International Network News, 94). In 1992 The Thai Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai declared that they would become stricter with official involvement in prostitution (Womens International Network News, 94). Unfortunately this did not include brothel owners, recruiters and pimps from punishment. Authorities were arresting the victims of prostitution and were detaining and abusing them before deporting them. Few women and girls have been rescued and housed by local NGOs prior to their return to Burma (Womens International Network News, 94). The people involved in sex trafficking view women as a cash crop to be exploited and they help with foreign exchange dollars and help pay on the foreign debt. In 1996 an estimate of 6 million sex tourists from all over the world brought in almost 30 billion dollars which is thirteen times more than they make building and exporting computers in Thailand (Leuchtag, 2003). The United Nations has reported that an estimate of 5 to 7 billion dollars a year the sex trafficking business makes. The United Nations believes that about 4 million woman and children and moved illegally from country to country annually. They also estimate that thirty percent of the children being trafficked are minors and a large number may even be under the age of thirteen. During the 1990s, Thailand laws declared that fifteen was the age of consent. A child of the age of twelve to fifteen years old who got paid for sex was viewed as acceptable to abuse them, with or without their consent (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). Italian, Camorra, Chinenese, Triads, Russian Mafia, and Japanese Yakuza are criminal syndicates who are very powerful and have much involvement in the sex trafficking trade of woman and children (Leuchtag, 2003). . These criminal syndicates operate globally and traffick woman from all over the world and bring them in and out of different countries (Leuchtag, 2003). In 1996 a bill was passed on suppression and prostitution of adult woman. Women who were found to be involved in prostitution would be fined. Minors found to be involved in prostitution would be rehabilitated and their parents who were involved would get punished as well (Womens International Network News, 2003). A new bill was passed in 1997 the anti-trafficking bill. This bill protected woman and all children. The bill also protects woman and children of other nationalities who are trafficked into Thailand. Even though the bill was passed traffickers found new ways to recruit women and get them across borders and into work (Womens International Network News, 2003). An international law was enforced that began in 1999 and took enforcement in 2000. The law was an agreed definition of what human trafficking is that took place between 120 countries. The countries wanted to separate issues of trafficking and issues of prostitution (Leuchtag, 2003). The countries also came to an agreemen t on how to prosecute, protect women and children from partaking in trafficking and prostitution, and prevention mechanisms. Once the law was decided the Thai government introduced a memorandum of understanding for the treatment of trafficking of woman and children. It was for the government to take responsibility and legal actions against trafficking and supply assistance for those that have been involved in trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2003). There is a government assistance bill that covers woman who are migrated from another country into Thailand (Womens International Network News, 2003). In 2000 The United Nations created the first legislation to put an end to international human trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2000). The protocol asks for states to cooperate against international organized crime, and for the victims of trafficking to stay in the country they were trafficked to and to enforce laws against sex trade (Womens International Networ k News, 2000). The law defines trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms coercion, of abduction of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation (Leuchtag, 2003). In early 2000 a non-governmental organization (NGO) called Project Hope International was created. The NGO is based in Washington, D.C. Project Hope International fights against child sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls and women into the international sex trade (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The goal of Project Hope International is to communicate between the Thai NGOs and the U.S. government, and American NGOs and the Thai government (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The organization also would like to facilitate the flow of accurate information. In Thailand there has been a steady decrease in the numbers of Thai women and girls in the sex trade, and an increase in the numbers of females from neighboring countries (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The reason for the decline is because of positive economic development in Thailand (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). In 2003 investigators entered into one of the provincial capitals brothels searching for women and children trafficked from neighboring Burma (Montlake, 2003). The officials found the owner/owners of the brothel and they were taken into police custody. Six of the 29 women rescued were minors and more than half had been forced into prostitution (Montlake, 2003). Some of the women didnt feel like they were rescued because the money they made was lost and this prevented them from making more money. The U.S., other countries and nations are lending support to anti-trafficking initiatives in Thailand (Montlake, 2003). Since 2000, the U.S. has spent an estimate of atleast $100 million on anti-trafficking aid. Thailands has been improving the way they approach and treat women from other countries caught in trafficking raids. Anti- trafficking organizations next focus will be to bring to justice criminals who profit from human trafficking (Montlake, 2003). The traffickers who dont get caught or do and get away with it without any punishment will turn to finding new women to replace those rescued. Activist report that majority of the women who are rescued return to Thailand and that it is not uncommon for the women or girls to be rescued several times (Montlake, 2003). There are two steps to trafficking. Step one is village to foreign country and step two is town to foreign country. Currently sex traffickers are using the one step pattern to traffick woman and girls (Womens International Network News, 2003). The Thai government has set up a national committee of government organizations and non-government organizations to make policies on trafficking. The Thai government has been working with international and regional agencies to compose against trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2003). Human trafficking is an issue that goes against the feminist theory. The feminist theory involves the liberation of women and girls from discrimination based on gender (Kirst-Ashman, 2008). The main goal or purpose is self-determination for women and girls. There are major themes that follow the feminist theories such as, gender lens, patriarchy, empowerment, consciousness raising, personal is political, importance of process, unity in diversity, and validation (Kirst-Ashman, 2008). Thailand does not follow this theory at all. Women are mistreated and not given much of an option of whether or not they want to become a sex slave or prostitute. In most areas of Thailand women dont have many economic choices for work or their family expects them to turn to sex trafficking/prostitution. It seems like in Thailand they are not educating citizens in school or in general about empowerment and equality of women. It seems that it is a norm for women to turn to sex trade to make money for thems elves and to repay their families. The government and other countries have been trying to enforce and initiate laws to stop trafficking and for women to have human rights as men of Thailand have. Starting in the mid 1990s Thai women wanted to get involved and work closely with non-governmental organizations because of the trafficking of woman and children movement. Women have been getting involved to protect themselves but other people need to jump onboard to help make changes and to make laws permanent and to reinforce them. Women in Thailand in most cases have equal rights in the areas of education, matrimonial property, and the right to choose habitation and employment, and child custody. Laws against prostitution in Thailand continue to not be effectively enforced (Womens International Network News, 94). In majority of the cases of prostitution brothels will pay off local government representatives and police. Poor legislation, police corruption, and cultural norms are commonly blamed for the lack of necessary measures needed to be taken against prostitution (Womens International Network News, 94). Women in Thailand face discrimination and harassment because of their work as prostitutes. International cooperation is an essential component between government agencies and between non-governmental organizations to ensure that agents and brothel owners involved in trafficking across national borders are arrested and prosecuted, and that women who have been trafficked are given the proper assistance and help needed (Womens International Network News, 97). Recommendations to Combat International Traffic in Women is a womens foundation that is involved in preventing trafficking of women and to help the women who have been involved in trafficking (Womens International Network News, 97). From the help from Feminist human rights activist and organizations women have begun to confront their situation and conditions, leave prostitution, speak out against it, reveal their experience, and help other women and children leave as they did ( Leuchtag, 2003). Sex and forced labor trafficking is considered slave trade of the twenty-first century and the greatest human rights test (Stone, 2005). Since 2003, 150 countries have signed the legislation and governments, international agencies, and local non-governmental organizations continue to introduce and start national and regional programs to stop trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2003). Today human trafficking continues to be an issue unresolved. Governments from all over the world need to come together and come up with different approaches to continue to gradually diminish this global issue. Human rights should continue to grow as sex trafficking is prohibited. Nongovernmental organizations today are well-organized, well-established, and well-respected in and outside of Thailand. They have learned to work together with international organizations and networking (Segrave, Milivojevic, 2005). Putting an end to prostitution and women being sexually exploited will give women mo re dignity, increase in human rights, and will be more respected by men.

Sherlock Holmes - I am lost without my Boswell. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. :: English Literature

Sherlock Holmes - I am lost without my Boswell. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Sherlock Holmes- I am lost without my Boswell. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, and had a good education. He received a tax demand a year after he married which prompted him to try to earn some extra money. At first he tried to get short stories published in the cheaper magazines of the time, but with no success. His big break came when Lippincott's Magazine, in the USA, offered Doyle an advance to write another Holmes and Watson story. His success continued, and he was knighted in 1902. He continued writing until he died in 1930. The three Sir Arthur Conan Doyle detective stories I have studied are: 'The Speckled Band', 'Scandal in Bohemia', and 'The Copper Beaches'. I am going to talk about the relationship between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. Holmes is the hero of the stories; he is a very clever detective who is exceptionally particular to detail. His powers of detection are breathtaking and he loves an intellectual challenge. He is usually calm and controlled, his behaviour is often eccentric and, emotionally he comes across as cold, detached and aloof. His romantic life is never referred to yet his admiration for Watson is clearly genuine. Despite his faults, he is also honorable and very brave. Watson is the narrator of the stories. He tells the story but is not as clever as Holmes, and he often fails to understand the significance of certain events and often misses what Holmes can see as a clue to the mystery. He is faithful companion to Holmes. Uncomplicated and trustworthy, Watson is portrayed as being slow and dimwitted, when compared to Holmes, a perfect ally to Holmes' acute intellect. The Speckled Band, is, in my opinion, the best out of these three stories. It is the most exciting and I think Holmes enjoys the case because of the intellectual challenge. It involves the Roylott family who lived at Stoke Moran. Helen Stoner consults Holmes when her sister dies in suspicious circumstances. At the beginning of this story, Miss. Stoner comes to see Holmes about the case, and accepts the Watson is Holmes' sidekick, 'This is my intimate friend and associate, Dr. Watson, before whom you can speak as freely as before myself.' This also happens in The Copper Beaches. When Miss. Hunter writes a letter to Holmes stating that 'I am very anxious to consult you'. From the start of this particular story you can see that Watson is hard working, and has a willingness to help Holmes in any way possible.

Advertising and Behavior Control Essay

In the article â€Å"Advertising and Behavior Control† there were many arguments for and against advertising. The first and the biggest problem Robert L. Arrington has against advertising is â€Å"puffery.† The reason/reasons why Arrington has a problem with puffery is due to the fact that the seller makes exaggerated, or suggestive claims about a product. His overall argument on puffery is that it isn’t just â€Å"bragging† but it is bragging that is designed to persuade you to want the item or product being sold. The bragging goes so far as they convince the viewer (of the advertisement) they need the product. Puffery ultimately leads to manipulation, exploitation, and control over what people think of the product. Although Arrington has reasons against puffery, he also points out examples as to why puffery is good for advertising. As stated on page 284 â€Å"businesses just give the consumer what he/she wants; if they didn’t they wouldn’t stay in business very long. Proof that consumer wants the precuts advertised is given by the fact that he bus them, and indeed often returns to by them again and again.† Puffery ultimately leads to the customer purchasing the product. If puffery is not used then as Arrington states businesses would go out of business very quickly. Puffery is not the only argument for or against advertising Arrington had but definitely was is strongest one. Another argument against advertising that Arrington had was credibility of an advertisement. He uses Philip Nelson’s ideas and theories to better explain his thoughts. His argument states that even when the message is not credible, we as a society give it validity by allowing ourselves to see the advertisement, and the fact that we constantly see them makes us believe that things are true. Simply put as stated on page 285 â€Å"advertised frequently, is valuable indirect information for the consumer. The reason for this is that the brands advertised most are more likely to be better buys-â€Å" Although the constant streaming of false or indirect information from advertisements makes us believe something that may be untrue, there is a counter argument as to why this form of advertising is legitimate, One of the counter arguments is in the form of a thought provoking question on page 285 â€Å"do the advertising techniques we have discussed involve a violation of human autonomy and a manipulation and control of consumer behavior, or do they simply provide an efficient and cost effective means of giving the consumer information on the basis of which he or she makes a free choice.† This may seem like a lot to grasp, but in essence the meaning of that thought provoking question is: is advertising information, or is advertising there for us to create wants and desi res in our life? These are just a couple of the arguments for and against advertising, and Arrington continues with many more thought provoking and legitimate arguments. All in all, Arrington makes claims for and against advertising, and eventually comes to the conclusion that he does not know what is right. If advertising is indeed good or bad as he says on page 289 â€Å"I do not pretend to have the answer. I only hope that the above discussion, in showing some of the kinds of harm that can be done by advertising and by indicating the likely limits of this harm, will put us in a better position to grapple with the question.† In my own opinion I don’t think that advertising should be controlled anymore than it is now. My reason for thinking this way is because products are made to be sold and along with that products are also made for us (the customer) to use, and enjoy. If products weren’t marketed/advertised to the customer as enjoyable, or brings you a higher satisfaction in life what would be the point of any person buying the product? Sure puffery may seem like it is a scam by â€Å"extending the truth† but at the same time if you had the money, and the time, and the friends to live a life like a commercial then it is very well possible to achieve that fulfillment from a product. Unfortunately not everyone is capable of doing this, but a product that is advertised is always going to be represented better than it actually is, due to the fact it is there to make a profit, and to be sold. My next point is the fact that advertisement falls into our liberties. We all have the right to freedom of speech. By advertising, or marketing one is free to say, promote, speak, etc. how they would like as long it is not in an offensive or demeaning way. This is why I believe there should be no more restrictions or limitations (if any) on advertising/marketing.

Coefficient of Friction

Coefficient of Friction Lab Abstract The resisted force that acted along the tangent of two surfaces that were in contact was called friction. Friction was opposed to motion, and it acted in the opposite direction, where the surface of the object slid against the surface of the other object. The two types of friction that exist were called static friction and kinetic friction. When two surfaces are at rest with each other, but a push is caused to convey one of the surfaces to slide over the other was called static friction.However, the friction that was used in the lab was kinetic friction. Kinetic friction occurred when two surface were moving with contact to each other. The coefficient of kinetic friction is a constant shown as ? k. The kinetic frictional force (fk) was given by the following equation: (fk= ? kN), where N represented the normal force, which was the force that each body exerts on the other body, and acts perpendicular to each surface. The way that friction force is calculated is by the followed calculation: Ff=? FN, where (? ) was the coefficient of friction and (FN) was the normal force.Now in order to pinpoint the force of friction, the coefficient of friction should be figured out first. Now the way that the coefficient of friction was retrieved, the tension force (FT) was divided by the weight (Fg). An inclined plane that has an angle of ? was adjusted as shown in the following diagram: 2 If the block was placed on the plane, and the angle was slowly increased, the block would have began to slip at some angle. Now the normal force (N) acted perpendicularly to the plane, and a component of the weight of the block, acted in the opposite direction.Though when the angle is increased, the more force it took for the block to slide against another surface. So as the angle was increased, the friction cultivates, but when the angles decreased, so did the friction. 1 Now some of the factors that can affect friction are the body surfaces. For the fri ction depends on the smoothness of the surface where the objects have touched. Now with the smoothness only to a degree has made friction decrease. Friction never depended on the amount of surface that there was given, but it does depend on the magnitude of forces holding the bodies. 1Methods Inclined plane was placed at a zero angle position so the pulley protrudes over the table edge Mass of the wooden block was determined to the nearest tenth of a gram. String was attached to the wooden block, over the pulley and to the weight of the hanger. Orientation of the string was adjusted so that it was parallel to the plane. The planes have differed in their smoothness. Surface must clean and dry. Masses were added to the hanger until the wooden block moved at constant velocity after it was tapped lightly. The total weight (FT) was recorded in the table for data. The result of the weight hangers and the masses on the hangers was total force pulling. All weights are in the proper units (N ewtons)). By have added different masses on top of the wooden block (Fg), step 4 was repeated for several different total weights. Plane must be inclined at some angle between five and twenty degrees. Step 4 was repeated. Total weight was recorded. This was the tension (FT) at angle ?. Investigation was continued by an additional experiment that was planned, which compared how the angle affected the coefficient of friction.(An extra table must be included on this data. Data Analysis OFg(block)=FNFT(force of g on masses)=N ? 0328g=3. 2144N1. 4N. 44 0351. 8g=3. 44764N1. 4N. 41 0540. 9g=5. 3N1. 5N. 28 0573. 8g=5. 6N1. 7N. 30 0614g=6. 0N1. 9N. 32 0611. 4g=6. 5N1. 9N. 29 5 20 degreesF_gF_NActualTheoreticalAverage 153283. 2N2. 1N1. 9N0. 34 10368. 63. 6N1. 6N1. 8N0. 34 Sample Calculations: Sample calculation for Force in Newtons for Fg: 328(0. 001)(9. 8)=3. 2N Sample calculation for  µ: (FT/Fg)=1. 4/3. 2=. 44 Percent errors: Percent error for 15? :(|1. 9-2. 1|)/1. 9 x 100=10. 5% Percent error for 10? :(|1. 8-1. 6|)/1. 8 X 100=11. % Discussion The computed theoretical value of FT was slightly off for both 10 &15 degrees. The resulted percent error for 10? was just slightly over 11% and for 15? it was a bit over 10%. The outcomes could have been different due to the fact of friction, which could have not been calculated correctly when the block had faultless constant velocity, however, the values were nearly related. Now the relationships between the graphs shown above seems to prove that the variables which are indicated seem to be directly proportional to each other and the graphs, â€Å"†Force vs.Coefficient of Friction† & â€Å"Force of Block vs. Force of Tension are very similar. † It seems to be that the block was conveying at a constant speed in order to have given calculated the friction precisely. Now if the block were not to be moving with constant velocity then friction wouldn’t be steady, and if it wasn’t then there was n ot an precise calculation for the coefficient of friction. Now not having a smooth surface can cause an error, which causes the block to decrease and speed up. Now in order to repair this error, there must be a real smoothed surface where the experiment will be performed.The string sticking on to the pulley can be know as another error because it could cause the movement of the block not to be smooth as it would be predicted in this experiment. The solution of this error would be to put something on the string, so that it may slide efficiently. Conclusion The conclusion of this experiment seems that everything seems to be similar and in order. The percent errors that was given for 10? was 11. 1% and the percent error for 15? was 10. 5%, meaning that the theoretical value and actual value for the tension were nearly the same. Now the average value for the coefficient of friction ( µ) was 0. 34.

week 3 Essay example

week 3 Essay example week 3 Essay example Organizational Structure The company that I work for is a construction company, just as with most construction companies, the organizational structure of the company is a matrix organizational structure. The way that the hierarchical levels are in this company is; the owner/CEO occupies the highest position. The next position down the vertical structure is a shared level of management, which is occupied by a project manager, and a super intendant. Each project has their own project manager and super intendant that report to the owner/CEO. The company that I work for is a decentralized organization, where â€Å"decision making occurs at the level of the people who are most directly affected and have the most intimate knowledge about the problem† (Bateman & Snell, 2011). The reason that this is the most effective for this company is, because of the need in the construction industry for decisions made in a timely manner, in order for the project at hand to effectively and efficiently get done. In some i nstances it would not be conducive to go through the process of the decision going up the vertical structure. The company that I work for employs two different trades- sheet metal workers, and carpenters- this is the reason that if the company were organized with the functional structure or divisional structure, it would be less efficient. In the matrix structure, there is only one project manager, and one super intendant for each project. All of the decisions for both trades, for the project are made at this level. Since the company employs two different trades, the mutual adjustment coordination is essential. If the company were organized with the functional structure, any decisions would have to be collaborated horizontally between the project managers, sheet metal super intendant, and the carpenter super intendant. This would be a longer process and a counterproductive structure. In the construction industry, most companies are not large enough to implement the divisional organizational structure. The divisional structure, just as the functional structure, would essentially be counterproductive to the effectiveness of the company. In a divisional organizational structure, any major decisions would take a longer period of time to be made, and in effect would slow down production. The construction industry is a face paced industry, and the functional and divisional structures would not be as effective as the matrix structure. The organizational functions of the company that I work for are also more efficient in the matrix structure. All of the company’s functions are project specific in the construction industry. Each project has its own budget, its own human resource needs, as well as operational needs. The matrix structure is the most effective structure based on the fact of the project specific needs that are required. As far as the finance for the project is concerned, each project has its own budget. In the matrix structure, it is the project manager, and the super intendants responsibility to ensure that the project is completed within this budget. This is possible based on the fact that these two positions are on site at the project, and are responsible for this one project. Whereas, if it were a divisional structure, the finance department for the company would have the responsibility of ordering material for the project. If the finance department were not familiar with the need for the specific project, too much material, too little material or the wrong material may be ordered. Another function that is project specific is the human resource function. Each project in the construction industry may have a unique manpower requirements. One project may have a need for fifteen carpenters, and eighteen sheet metal workers, and another project may only need twelve carpenters, and ten sheet metal workers. If the company had one human resource department, there would be a possibility of having too much manpower or not

What are the anatomical and behavioral differences between Broca's and Essay

What are the anatomical and behavioral differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia - Essay Example Aphasia is the â€Å"loss of or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from damage to the brain† as defined in the Webster Dictionary (Broca aphasia, University of Idaho). The portions of the brain responsible for language are affected and for the majority of people, this is on the left side or hemisphere of the brain. Anyone can have aphasia and it could occur due to an accident (trauma) causing a head injury, a stroke, a tumor, infection or dementia (Aphasia, NIDCD). When resulting from a head injury or a stroke, the occurrence is of sudden onset. The tumor, dementia or infection produces slower-onset aphasia. The reason for the damage to the brain in a stroke is due to loss of blood supply to the relevant brain area. 80000 people are believed to have aphasia due to strokes in the US (Aphasia, NIDCD). The brain cells die and lose their normal neural activity. Trauma causes direct damage of the cells which subserve the area for language. Whatever the cause, the brain cells lose their nutrition and die subsequently. Statistics show that one million people have aphasia due to various causes in the US (Aphasia, NIDCD). Aphasia is classified into fluent and non-fluent aphasia (Aphasia, NIDCD). The neurologist tests the patient to discover the type of aphasia he has. The communication abilities are investigated by the speech-language pathologist: the ability of the patient to speak and express ideas, whether he is able to converse socially and understand language, his ability to read and write and whether he is able to communicate in any other way. Language recovery is possible if the cause of the stroke is a transient ischaemic attack (Aphasia, NIDCD). However most cases of aphasia do not recover early or completely. The residual aphasia requires speech language therapy which could last for a year or two. Broca’s aphasia is also known as motor aphasia or expressive

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy Research Paper

The evolution of the oil and gas technology policy - Research Paper Example Canada is one such country, which has an immense endowment of oil as well as natural gas resources, and by extracting, refining and also transporting these resources, it is not only providing high number jobs to its citizens but also strongly contributing to its economy as well as trade balance. Although, these oil and gas deposits have naturally developed more than a billion years ago, it is due to the expertise as well as technology adoption of the Canadians, they are able to effectively extract it, process it, transport it and achieve success. From finding the first deposits in 1850s to the current optimum expansion throughout Canada, oil and gas companies with the support of the government are carrying out extensive operations, both onshore as well as offshore. The support of the government is critical because with all the oil and gas resources belonging to the Federal government, their laws and policies plays a key role in the tapping of these oil and gas resources, particularly in the usage of technology. With government policies and use of technology being interrelated, the focus will be on how the evolution of the Canadian oil and gas sector and the resultant formulation of policies have impacted and still impacting the evolution of the oil and gas technology polici es as well. The Canadian crude oil and gas industry had its origins in 1850, when James Miller Williams, a carriage maker from Hamilton, Ontario, â€Å"dug and drilled the first commercial oil wells in southwestern Ontario and established North America’s first integrated oil company.† (Bott & Carson, 2012).The other key fuel of the petroleum era, natural gas, was first discovered in New Brunswick in 1859, with Eugene Coste, an entrepreneur, being the first Canadian to find and develop natural gas resources on a large scale, first in Ontario and later in Alberta. (Bott & Carson, 2012). From those humble beginnings, Canada has